Subfossil chydorid (Cladocera, Chydoridae) ephippia as paleoenvironmental proxies: evidence from boreal and subarctic lakes in Finland |
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Authors: | Seija Kultti Liisa Nevalainen Tomi P Luoto and Kaarina Sarmaja-Korjonen |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland;(2) Institute for Limnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Mondseestra?e 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria;(3) City of Helsinki Environment Centre, Environmental Protection and Research, P.O. Box 500, 00099 City of Helsinki, Finland |
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Abstract: | Chydorids (Cladocera, Chydoridae) have two reproductive strategies: asexual reproduction that prevails during favorable environmental
conditions and sexual reproduction that is induced by environmental stimuli associated with seasonal or aperiodic environmental
stresses. These modes of reproduction can be recognized in the subfossil sedimentary records as parthenogenetic shells of
females (asexual reproduction) and by ephippia (sexual reproduction). We studied the interrelations between subfossil chydorid
ephippia and environmental variables by analyzing surface sediment samples obtained from 76 Finnish lakes across a latitudinal
gradient (60–70°N). The results showed that the total chydorid ephippia (TCE) increases along the climate gradient from ~2
to 3% in the south to ~25% in the north and suggested a significant dependence (r ~ −0.8, P < 0.001) with several climate factors, especially that of mean July air temperature. We used this relationship to create
a model for reconstructing past mean July air temperatures. A linear regression of the log10 transformed TCE as a single independent variable explained 76% (SE ± 0.76°C) of the variance of the observed mean July air
temperatures. Accordingly, we propose that this novel tool may be highly suitable for reconstructing paleotemperatures in
cold-temperate environments. |
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