Spatial autocorrelation and dispersal limitation in freshwater organisms |
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Authors: | Jonathan B Shurin Karl Cottenie Helmut Hillebrand |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada;(2) Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W, Canada;(3) Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl-von-Ossietzky-University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26385 Wilhelmshaven, Germany |
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Abstract: | Dispersal can limit the ranges of species and the diversity of communities. Despite its importance, little is known about
its role in freshwater habitats and its relation to habitat type (lentic vs. lotic), especially for organisms with cryptic
dispersal methods such as plankton. Poor dispersers are expected to show more clumped distributions or greater spatial autocorrelation
(SA) in community composition than good dispersers. We examined patterns of SA across freshwater taxa with different dispersal
modes (active vs. passive) and their association with habitat type (lake vs. stream) using 18 spatially explicit community
composition data sets. We found significant relationships between SA and body size among taxa in lake habitats, but not in
streams. However, the increase in SA with body size in lakes was driven entirely by fishes—organisms ranging in size from
diatoms to macro-invertebrates showed equivalent levels of SA. These results support the idea that large organisms are less
effective dispersers in aquatic environments, resulting in greater SA in community structure over broad scales. Streams may
be effectively more connected than lakes as patterns of SA and body size were weaker in lotic habitats. Our data suggest that
the critical threshold where greater body size increases dispersal limitation seems to come at the juncture between invertebrates
and vertebrates rather than that between unicellular and multicellular organisms as has been previously suggested.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
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Keywords: | Meta-analysis Plankton Fish Macro-invertebrates Lakes versus streams |
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