Sensing change: the emerging role of calcium sensors in neuronal disease

Calcium (Ca(2+)) is a fundamental intracellular signalling molecule in neurons. Therefore, significant interest has been expressed in understanding how the dysregulation of Ca(2+) signals might impact on neuronal function and the progression of different disease states. Many previous studies have examined the role of Ca(2+) in neuronal excitotoxicity and some have started to understand how Ca(2+) dysregulation might be a cause or consequence of neurodegeneration. This review will therefore focus on the significance of Ca(2+) sensors, proteins that transduce Ca(2+) signals, in neuronal function and dysfunction. Finally, we will assess their potential role in neurodegenerative processes, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), arguing that they could serve as potential therapeutic targets.