昼间亚高温对日光温室番茄生长发育、产量及品质的影响

针对日光温室番茄生产中常出现的昼间温度偏高而带来的危害,以昼间适宜温度25℃为对照,在番茄第1花序开花后对其进行昼间30和35℃的温度处理,研究昼间亚高温对番茄生长发育、产量及品质的影响.结果表明,与25℃适宜昼温相比,在3d短期35℃昼间亚高温处理下,番茄植株相对生长速率极显著提高,但在7d以上长期35℃昼间亚高温处理下,番茄植株徒长,叶片变薄,并出现早衰现象;同时经35℃亚高温处理,番茄果实前期发育加快,成熟期提前,但果实空洞现象增加,糖酸比下降,平均单果重下降,总产量显著降低,第3花序各处理间差异最明显,第2花序次之.昼间30℃温度处理的结果介于昼间25和35℃处理之间,说明番茄植株长期生长在被认为是其生长发育适宜温度上限的35℃条件下,也会严重影响其正常生长发育,而且从花芽分化到果实成熟亚高温持续时间越长,番茄果实产量越低,品质越差.

Effects of daytime sub-high temperature on greenhouse tomato growth, development,yield and quality

The study on the effects of daytime sub-high temperature (30 and 35 degrees C) in spring and autumn on the growth, development, yield and quality of greenhouse tomato in northeast China showed that compared with the plant growing under feasible temperature 25 degrees C, three days' daytime sub-high temperature increased the relative growth significantly, and made the plant spindling. Seven days or more sub-high temperature made the plant grow fast, with thinner leaves and presenility. Under sub-high temperature, the harvest time was earlier, the fruit weight and the 2nd and 3rd inflorescence lessened, the quality of fruit decreased, and the yield decreased significantly. Sub-high temperature had a strong influence on the normal growth and development of greenhouse tomato. The longer the plant suffered sub-high temperature from flower bud differentiation to fruit maturing, the worse the fruit quality, and the lower the yield would be.