Structure and function of the protein tyrosine kinases |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea;2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, South Korea;3. Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam, 31151, South Korea;4. Department of Neurosurgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Hwaseong, 18450, South Korea;5. Research Institute for Complementary & Alternative Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24253, South Korea;1. Laboratorio de Ecología de Poblaciones, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, A.P. 1-69 Plaza Juárez, C.P. 42001 Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico;2. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR Unidad Durango, Sigma 119, Fraccionamiento 20 de Noviembre II, Durango, 34220, Mexico;3. Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción Animal, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 D.F, Mexico;1. Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States;2. Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children׳s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS #135, Los Angeles, CA, United States;3. Institute for the Developing Mind, The Saban Research Institute, Children׳s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States;1. Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Greece;2. Department of Medical Genetics, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Choremio Research Laboratory, “Aghia Sophia” Children''s Hospital, Athens, Greece;3. Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Greece;4. Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece;1. Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand;2. Bureau of Rice Research and Development (BRRD), Rice Department, Thailand;3. The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Brisbane, 4072, Australia |
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| Abstract: | The protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are a large and structurally diverse family of enzymes. The conserved catalytic domain held in common by each member of this family is a self-contained 250–300 amino acid unit bearing sixteen highly conserved linear sequence elements, several of which have been shown to be important to the catalytic activity of this domain. The enzymic activity of the PTKs is clearly an evolutionarily successful theme, and at least 10 distinct morphotypes have been described. Many of these resemble cell surface receptors for growth factors, and for a small sub-set of these receptors a ligand has been discovered. The remainder are located intracellularly and presumably sense and respond to appropriate metabolic cues by exerting their physiologically powerful enzymic activity. A detailed examination of the structure/function relationships of the PTKs and their catalytic domains is particularly revealing in trying to establish the roles that these proteins play in signal transduction in eukaryotic cells. |
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