Effect of Season and Age on the Gonadosomatic Index of Milne-Edwards' Sifakas (Propithecus diadema edwardsi) in Ranomafana National Park,Madagascar

Aiming to explain individual variation in gonadosomatic index (testicular volume per body weight), we examined the relationship between gonadosomatic index (GI), age, and season in a wild, seasonally breeding lemur—the Milne-Edwards' sifaka (Propithecus diadema edwardsi). Between 1987 and 2000, we captured and measured male lemurs from Ranomafana National Park in Madagascar 69 times. We used linear and polynomial regressions and residuals to examine the effect of season on GI and the effect of age on GI, after accounting for the effect caused by season among males of breeding age. As the breeding season approached, GI increased significantly, and all individuals measured in both the breeding and nonbreeding season had larger GI values in the breeding season. Among males of breeding age, we found no relationship between age and GI, after accounting for seasonal effects. Age, season and body weight fail to explain the variation remaining in GI. We discuss sperm competition, breeding-group composition, and the presence of parents as additional sources of variation in GI.