Probes for studying cholesterol binding and cell biology |
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Authors: | Gimpl Gerald Gehrig-Burger Katja |
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Affiliation: | Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Dept. of Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 30, D-55128 Mainz, Germany |
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Abstract: | Cholesterol is a multifunctional lipid in eukaryotic cells. It regulates the physical state of the phospholipid bilayer, is crucially involved in the formation of membrane microdomains, affects the activity of many membrane proteins, and is the precursor for steroid hormones and bile acids. Thus, cholesterol plays a profound role in the physiology and pathophysiology of eukaryotic cells. The cholesterol molecule has achieved evolutionary perfection to fulfill its different functions in membrane organization. Here, we review basic approaches to explore the interaction of cholesterol with proteins, with a particular focus on the high diversity of fluorescent and photoreactive cholesterol probes available today. |
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Keywords: | ACAT, acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase BCθ-toxin, a biotinylated and carlsberg protease-nicked derivative of perfringolysin O CCM, cholesterol consensus motif CDCs, cholesterol-dependent cytolysins CRAC, cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid consensus GPCR, G protein coupled receptor HDL, high-density lipoprotein HPβCD, 2Hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin MβCD, methyl-β-cyclodextrin nAChR, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor NPC, Niemann-Pick C OTR, oxytocin receptor SCAP, SREBP cleavage activating protein SREBP, sterol regulatory element binding protein SSD, sterol sensing domain StAR, steroid acute regulatory protein START, StAR related lipid transfer TSPO, mitochondrial membrane translocrator protein |
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