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Nuclear and chloroplast DNA phylogeography reveals Pleistocene divergence and subsequent secondary contact of two genetic lineages of the tropical rainforest tree species Shorea leprosula (Dipterocarpaceae) in South‐East Asia |
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| Authors: | Masato Ohtani Toshiaki Kondo Naoki Tani Saneyoshi Ueno Leong S Lee Kevin K S Ng Norwati Muhammad Reiner Finkeldey Mohamad Na'iem Sapto Indrioko Koichi Kamiya Ko Harada Bibian Diway Eyen Khoo Kensuke Kawamura Yoshihiko Tsumura |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Forest Genetics, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, , Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305‐8687 Japan;2. Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, , Higashi‐Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739‐8529 Japan;3. Forestry Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, , Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305‐8686 Japan;4. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, , Kepong, Selangor, 52109 Malaysia;5. Institute of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Georg‐August University of G?ttingen, , 37077 G?ttingen, Germany;6. Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University, , Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia;7. Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, , Matsuyama, 790‐8566 Japan;8. Forest Department Sarawak, Forest Research Center, , Kuching, Sarawak, 93660 Malaysia;9. Sabah Forestry Department, Forest Research Centre, , Sandakan, Sabah, 90715 Malaysia |
| Abstract: | Tropical rainforests in South‐East Asia have been affected by climatic fluctuations during past glacial eras. To examine how the accompanying changes in land areas and temperature have affected the genetic properties of rainforest trees in the region, we investigated the phylogeographic patterns of a widespread dipterocarp species, Shorea leprosula. Two types of DNA markers were used: expressed sequence tag‐based simple sequence repeats and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequence variations. Both sets of markers revealed clear genetic differentiation between populations in Borneo and those in the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra (Malay/Sumatra). However, in the south‐western part of Borneo, genetic admixture of the lineages was observed in the two marker types. Coalescent simulation based on cpDNA sequence variation suggested that the two lineages arose 0.28–0.09 million years before present and that following their divergence migration from Malay/Sumatra to Borneo strongly exceeded migration in the opposite direction. We conclude that the genetic structure of S. leprosula was largely formed during the middle Pleistocene and was subsequently modified by eastward migration across the subaerially exposed Sunda Shelf. |
| Keywords: | chloroplast DNA expressed sequence tag‐based simple sequence repeats microsatellite migration Sundaland |