Identification and confirmation of 3-hydroxy metabolite of ketoprofen in camels by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

The metabolites of ketoprofen were investigated in five camels following intravenous administration of a dose of 2.0 mg/kg body weight. Two metabolites were identified. The first one was purified with thin-layer chromatography. It was identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) in comparison with authenticated reference standard and was found to be hydroxyketoprofen due to reduction of the ketone group of ketoprofen. The second metabolite was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. It was identified with GC–MS and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as 3-hydroxybenzolketoprofen resulting from oxidation of the aromatic ring.