Selection on the codon bias ofChlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast genes and the plantpsbA gene

Plant chloroplast genes have a codon use that reflects the genome compositional bias of a high A+T content with the single exception of the highly translatedpsbA gene which codes for the photosystem II D1 protein. The codon usage of plantpsbA corresponds more closely to the limited tRNA population of the chloroplast and is very similar to the codon use observed in the chloroplast genes of the green algaChlamydomonas reinhardtii. This pattern of codon use may be an adaptation for increased translation efficiency. A correspondence between codon use of plantpsbA andChlamydomonas chloroplast genes and the tRNAs coded by the chloroplast genome, however, is not observed in all synonymous codon groups. It is shown here that the degree of correspondence between codon use and tRNA population in different synonymous groups is correlated with the second codon position composition. Synonymous groups with an A or T at the second codon position have a high representation of codons for which a complementary tRNA is coded by the chloroplast genome. Those with a G or C at the second position have an increased representation of codons that bind a chloroplast tRNA by wobble. It is proposed that the difference between synonymous groups in terms of codon adaptation to the tRNA population in plantpsbA andChlamydomonas chloroplast genes may be the result of differences in second position composition.