颗粒有机质的来源、测定及其影响因素

土壤活性有机质及其组分作为土壤质量的重要指标在土壤化学、物理和生物性质方面起着重要作用。颗粒有机质能够有效地反映有机质的特性,与微生物生长、营养供给及C、N的生物学调节密切相关。作为活性有机质的一个量度指标,颗粒有机质越来越受到人们的重视。本文综述了土壤颗粒有机质的来源及其在土壤有机质转化过程中的作用,对其测定方法作了系统的描述,阐明了土壤理化性质、农业措施(施肥与耕作)及土地利用类型对土壤颗粒有机质在土壤形成及维持其稳定性方面的影响。

Soil particulate organic matter: Origin, measurement, and factors affecting its functions

Soil active organic matter pool and its components play important roles on soil chemical,physical,and biological properties,and can be used as good indicators of soil quality.As a measurement index of soil active organic matter,particulate organic matter(POM)can effectively reflect the characteristics of soil organic mater(SOM),and acts as a substrate for soil microbial activity,a short-term reservoir of nutrients,and a food source for soil fauna.This paper reviewed the recent research progress on the origin of POM and its functions in SOM turnover,introduced the main methods of its measurement,and elucidated the effects of soil physical and chemical properties,agricultural practices(fertilization and cultivation),and different land uses on the POM's functions in terms of soil formation and stabilization.