米草属引入中国海岸带的利弊分析

1963年以来,中国先后从国外引进3种米草。实践证明,大米草和互花米草是盐渍土壤植物群落形成的先锋植物,适应于中国海岸带自然环境,生长发育正常,具有明显的促淤造陆和保护海岸等生态功能,并具有显著的经济效益.大米草和互花米草在南方海岸繁殖过快是近岸水体富营养化的结果,但并未对环境、动植物种群和人类构成侵害,其在北方海岸未发生异常现象,故应客观地评估米草的功与过。本文从利弊2个方面对中国海岸滩涂引入米草进行了分析。

Analysis on the advantages and disadvantages of introducing Spartina to China coastal zones

Since 1963,three species of Spartina genus,namely,Spartina anglica,S.alterniflora and S.patens,have been introduced to China from Britain and America.It was proved that S.anglica and S.alterniflora were the pioneer plants in the formation of seabeach plant community.They could adapt themselves to the China natural seabeach environment and grow well,with good ecological functions in reforming seabeach land and protecting seacoast,as well as good economic benefits.However,the over-reproduction of S.anglica and S.alterniflora in South China coastal zone resulted from the eutrophication of nearshore water,despite less injury being observed to the environment,animal and plant populations,and human beings.Up to now,no abnormal phenomena have been observed in North China coastal zone.Therefore,the benefit and fault of Spartina ought to be evaluated objectively.In this paper,the advantages and disadvantage of introducing Spartina to China costal beaches were analyzed.