管理措施对人工林土壤质量的影响

可持续性生产力是人工林发展的一个关键问题。然而,人工林培育过程中常出现土壤质量退化和人工林生产力下降等问题。管理措施是人工林发展过程中土壤质量变化的一个重要因素,正确的管理措施能够维护和提高林地的土壤质量。管理措施主要包括整地、施肥、林地收获与凋落物管理和营造混交林等。不同的整地方式、整地强度、整地时间等能改变土壤物理、化学和生物学性状,进而对其土壤质量产生一定的影响;施肥措施能改善土壤质量、提高人工林生产力,而过量施肥能够导致林地养分的流失和地下水质的恶化;木材收获和林地凋落物焚烧导致人工林系统养分的大量流失,加强对人工林系统有机物质的保护有利于林地土壤质量的改善;营造混交林在一定程度上有利于土壤质量维护,由于物种间存在复杂的相互关系,其对混交树种、混交方式和立地条件的选择等管理措施均能影响土壤质量。最后,文章对今后人工林管理措施对土壤质量影响的重点研究方向作了展望。

Effects of plantation management practices on soil quality: A review

Sustainable high-yield production is the key issue in plantation industry.However,the degradation of soil quality and the decline of plantation productivity often occur after the plantation establishment.The intensive plantation management practices can affect soil quality,and unreasonable plantation management practices are the important reasons of plantation soil quality degradation.The management practices in plantations mainly include site preparation,fertilization,harvest residue management,and construction of mixed species forests,etc.The differences in site preparation methods,site preparation intensities,and site preparation timing have positive or negative effects on soil quality via changing soil physical,chemical,and biological properties.Fertilization can improve soil quality and plantation wood production.However,excessive fertilization has the potential to increase soil nutrients leaching,which could induce surface-and subsurface water quality problems.The protection of organic materials in plantation ecosystem has potential to improve soil quality,because many ecosystem nutrients will lose out of plantation ecosystem through harvesting residues or removing litter from the plantation ecosystem.In some cases,the soil quality in mixed plantations is higher than that in pure plantations.However,the selection of species in mixed plantation and the silvicultural system all have influences on soil quality,because of the complicated interactions between different species in mixed plantations.Some key research points about the effects of plantation management practices on the soil quality in plantations were prospected.