The effect of treadmill training and N-acetyl-l-cysteine intervention on biogenesis of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, China;2. School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;1. Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan;2. Division of Urology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan;3. Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan;4. Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan;5. Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan;6. School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan;7. School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan;8. Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan;9. Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan;1. Department of Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt;2. Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt;1. LAFEX, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;2. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;3. Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil;4. University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People׳s Republic of China;5. Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia;6. Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Center for Particle Physics, Prague, Czech Republic;7. Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic;8. Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic;9. Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador;10. LPC, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont, France;11. LPSC, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France;12. CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France;13. LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France;14. LPNHE, Universités Paris VI and VII, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France;15. CEA, Irfu, SPP, Saclay, France;p. IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/IN2P3, Strasbourg, France;q. IPNL, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Villeurbanne, France;r. Université de Lyon, Lyon, France;s. III. Physikalisches Institut A, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany;t. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;u. II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany;v. Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany;w. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany;x. Panjab University, Chandigarh, India;y. Delhi University, Delhi, India;z. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India;11. University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;12. Korea Detector Laboratory, Korea University, Seoul, Korea;13. CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico;14. Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;15. Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;16. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia;17. Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia;18. Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia;19. Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia;110. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia;111. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain;112. Institut de Física d׳Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona, Spain;113. Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;114. Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev, Ukraine;115. Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom;1p. Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom;1q. The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom;1r. University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA;1s. University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA;1t. Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA;1u. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA;1v. University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA;1w. Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA;1x. Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA;1y. Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA;1z. Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, Indiana 46323, USA;21. University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA;22. Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA;23. University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA;24. Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA;25. Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;26. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA;27. Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA;28. University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA;29. University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA;210. Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA;211. Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA;212. State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA;213. University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA;214. State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA;215. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA;2p. Langston University, Langston, Oklahoma 73050, USA;2q. University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA;2r. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA;2s. Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA;2t. University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA;2u. Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA;2v. Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA;2w. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA;2x. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA |
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| Abstract: | Mitochondrial biogenesis refers to increased content of mitochondria, which has been shown to be promoted by aerobic exercise. During this process, oxidative stress is considered the essential initiator. Even though some studies have addressed the issue as to whether antioxidants would hamper the effects of exercise on mitochondrial biogenesis, no consensus has been achieved. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of exercise and antioxidant intervention on mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as COX biogenesis. Thirty-two clean-grade male ICR mice were randomly assigned to a control group (Con), exercise group (Ex), N-acetyl-l-cysteine group (NAC), or NAC plus exercise group (NEx). The NAC and NEx groups were injected with NAC (0.1 mg/g/2 days) intraperitoneally for 3 weeks, whereas the Con and Ex groups were administered saline for the same period of time. Mice assigned to Ex and NEx groups started exercise training 1 week before drug intervention was initiated. After 1 week of acclimatization, the mice were allowed to run at a speed of 28 m/min for 60 min, 6 days a week. The results showed that exercise training caused an increase in mRNA and protein levels of COXIV, whereas NAC intervention lowered the two so significantly that even exercise training could not reverse the effect of NAC intervention. Our data suggest that even though antioxidant intervention could alleviate oxidative damage caused by exercise, it was not necessarily beneficial for mitochondrial biogenesis. |
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| Keywords: | COX biogenesis Exercise NAC Oxidative stress |
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