Retinal damage induced by commercial light emitting diodes (LEDs) |
| |
Affiliation: | 1. INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France;2. CSTB, Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment, Division Eclairage et électromagnétisme, Saint Martin d׳Heres, France;3. ENVA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d׳Alfort, Maison Alfort, France;4. Hôpital Ophtalmique Jules Gonin, Lausanne, Switzerland;1. Biology Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3258, United States;2. Biology Department, Princess Nourah University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;1. Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of JiLin University, ChangChun, China;2. Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, FuDan University, Shanghai, China;3. Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia, China;1. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China;2. School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China;3. Joinmax Display Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China;4. Women and Childern Care Center of Luoyang, Henan Province, China;1. Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China;2. Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China;3. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA;4. Departments of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA |
| |
Abstract: | Spectra of “white LEDs” are characterized by an intense emission in the blue region of the visible spectrum, absent in daylight spectra. This blue component and the high intensity of emission are the main sources of concern about the health risks of LEDs with respect to their toxicity to the eye and the retina. The aim of our study was to elucidate the role of blue light from LEDs in retinal damage. Commercially available white LEDs and four different blue LEDs (507, 473, 467, and 449 nm) were used for exposure experiments on Wistar rats. Immunohistochemical stain, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot were used to exam the retinas. We evaluated LED-induced retinal cell damage by studying oxidative stress, stress response pathways, and the identification of cell death pathways. LED light caused a state of suffering of the retina with oxidative damage and retinal injury. We observed a loss of photoreceptors and the activation of caspase-independent apoptosis, necroptosis, and necrosis. A wavelength dependence of the effects was observed. Phototoxicity of LEDs on the retina is characterized by a strong damage of photoreceptors and by the induction of necrosis. |
| |
Keywords: | LED Retinal degeneration Apoptosis Necrosis Necroptosis Stress response Oxidative stress Blue light Wavelength |
本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录! |
|