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Polyamines stabilize left-handed Z-DNA: using X-ray crystallographic analysis, we have found a new type of polyamine (PA) that stabilizes left-handed Z-DNA |
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| Authors: | Ohishi Hirofumi Odoko Mamiko Grzeskowiak Kazimierz Hiyama Yoichi Tsukamoto Koji Maezaki Naoyoshi Ishida Toshimasa Tanaka Tetsuaki Okabe Nobuo Fukuyama Keiichi Zhou Da-Yang Nakatani Kazuhiko |
| Institution: | a Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan b School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan c Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1574, USA d Structural Biology Group, Genomic Science Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., 3-1-98, Kasugade Naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-0022, Japan e Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan f Department of Biology Graduate School of Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan g The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan |
| Abstract: | There are many great reports of polyamine stabilization of the Z-DNA by bridge conformation between neighboring, symmetry-related Z-DNA in the packing of crystals. However, polyamine binding to the minor groove of Z-DNA and stabilizing the Z-DNA structure has been rarely reported. We proved that the synthesized polyamines bind to the minor groove of Z-DNA and stabilize the conformation under various conditions, by X-ray crystallographic study. These polyamines consist of a polyamine nano wire structure. The modes of the polyamine interaction were changed under different conditions. It is the first example that the crystals consisted of metal free structure. This finding provides a basis for clarifying B-Z transition mechanics. |
| Keywords: | PA(24) N1-(2-amino-ethyl)-butane-1 4-diamine PA(222) N1-[2-(2-amino-ethylamino)-ethyl]-ethane-1 2-diamine PA(2222) N1-{2-[2-(2-amino-ethylamino)-ethylamino]-ethyl}-ethane-1 2-diamine ADAR1 adenosine deaminase reductase |
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