Ontogenetic divergence of growth among rainbow smelt morphotypes |
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Authors: | Jennifer L Shaw R Allen Curry |
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Institution: | (1) Canadian Rivers Institute, Department of Biology and Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, E3B 6E1;(2) Present address: Fish Population Science, Ecosystem Science Directorate, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 200 Kent Street, Station 12S036, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0E6; |
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Abstract: | Multiple, sympatric morphotypes of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) are known in Lake Utopia, New Brunswick. The largest, ‘giant’ form is predominantly a piscivore, the smaller, ‘dwarf’ form
are predominantly planktivores, and there is an intermediate body-sized form. The forms exhibit some genetic variability,
but it is body size that best defines morphotypes, trophic status, and spawning behaviour. We compared egg size, spawning
date, incubation time, size at hatching, and daily and annual growth to determine when divergence in body size occurs among
morphotypes. Giant form larvae hatched earlier and grew faster during their first year. Dwarf and intermediate form larvae
displayed inter-annual variability in degree of overlap and divergence in growth which occurred in their first growing season
or at age 1+ or 2+. We conclude that earlier hatching, early growth trajectories, and later niche shifting are linked to the
persistence of morphotypes, i.e., the process is controlled by the environment and sustained to some degree by spawning segregation. |
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