葎草挥发性物质化感作用及其化感物质的分析研究

以小麦、生菜、萝卜、黄瓜4种作物为受体,检测了葎草Humulus scandens（Lour.）Merr]挥发性物质的化感潜势,并采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对其化感物质进行了初步鉴定.结果表明：新鲜葎草茎叶在密闭系统中释放的挥发性物质对4种受试植物幼苗的生长有极显著的抑制作用（P＜0.01）;用石油醚提取风干葎草茎叶,得到的挥发性物质在密闭系统中对4种受试植物幼苗的生长也具有极显著的抑制作用（P＜0.01）;提取物在2、5、10、20、40、100、200mg/mL等7个不同浓度下,对受试植物生长和种子萌发表现为＂低促高抑＂的化感潜势,且随提取液浓度增大抑制作用增强;GC-MS鉴定出26种有机化合物,主要包括脂肪酸、甾体、萜类及其含氧化合物,均属前人研究较多的生物活性物质.这些结论为利用野生葎草资源挥发物开发新型除草剂等提供依据.

Allelopathic effects of volatiles from Humulus scandens and the analysis research of its allelopathic compounds

The allelopathic potentiality of volatiles from H. scandens was studied on four crops： wheat （ Triticum aestivum）, lettuce （Lactuca sativa ） , radish （Raphanus sativus ） and pepper （Capsicum annuum）. The chemical constituents of H. scandens were prelim- inarily identified using GC-MS. The volafiles released from fresh leaves and stems of H. scandens in an airproof system significantly inhibited the seedling growth of wheat, lettuce, radish and pepper（p 〈 0. 01 ）. For further study, the volatiles extracted from air dry leaves and bulbs of H. scandens by petroleum ether significandy inhibited the seedling growth of the four tested plants in an airproof system （ p 〈 0. 01 ）. Extracts of air dry H. scandens under treatments of 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 100 and 200mg/mL （ concentration of dry weight） were applied to test their effects on early development and seed germination of wheat, lettuce, radish and pepper. The results showed that the seeding growth and germination of tested plants increased at lower concentrations hut decreased at higher concentrations. And inhibition was strengthened along with the increase of extracts. Chemical analysis （GC-MS） yielded a total of 26 volatile compounds ineluding fatty acids, teroid, volatile oil, terpenes and it＇s oxygenated compounds that had been confirmed to he hioactive substances. The results encourage the use of these volatiles as models for development of new herbicides.