环境汞污染对藻类的毒性效应及其影响因素

综述了汞污染对藻类的毒性效应及影响因素。水环境中汞主要以元素汞、无机汞和有机汞3种形式存在。藻类吸附汞主要分为胞外的快速吸附和胞内的缓慢富集,在安全浓度内,金属汞对藻生长有一定的促进作用,随着浓度增大,抑制藻生长或致死。汞进入藻体细胞后,藻类为了存活会产生一系列保护机制。藻类对汞的排斥和排出作用可能就是对汞耐性的一种重要机制。藻类也可以通过多种方式减少汞进入藻类细胞,以及通过与其他物质结合汞使其排出胞外。温度、pH、生物学因素等影响重金属对藻类的毒性作用。并就藻类对汞耐性和适应机理、利用藻类修复和监测重金属污染、藻类响应汞胁迫的信号转导途径及其保护机制等未来研究领域进行了展望。

The environment mercury pollution toxicity effect to the alga and their influencing factors

The toxicity effects of mercury pollution on algae and influencing factors were reviewed in this paper. Mercury in water environment mainly exists in three forms such as elemental form, inorganic form and organic form. Absorption of mercury consists of algal extraeellular rapid absorption and slow intracellular accumulation. In the safe concentration, the metallic mercury can promote the algal growth. However, with its concentration increases, algae growth is inhibited and even resulted in the death. Once mercury comes into the algal cells, the algae will trigger a series of protection mechanisms. The exclusion and elimination of mercury from algae cells may be an important tolerance mechanism. Algae can also reduce the intake of mercury into the algal cells by the various methods, and pro- mote the discharge of mercury by combining with other substances. Temperature, pH and some biological factors can influence the tox- icity of heavy metals to the algae. The mechanism of mercury tolerance and adaptation, repair and monitoring of heavy metals pollution using algae, the algal signal transduction pathway response to mercury stress and its protection mechanism, and the prospect of future research areas were discussed.