Feeding by Hessian Fly (Mayetiola destructor [Say]) Larvae on Wheat Increases Levels of Fatty Acids and Indole-3-Acetic Acid but not Hormones Involved in Plant-Defense Signaling |
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Authors: | John F Tooker Consuelo M De Moraes |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Building, University Park, PA 16802-3508, USA |
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Abstract: | Gall-inducing insects exert a unique level of control over the physiology of their host plants. This control can extend to
host–plant defenses so that some, if not most, gall-inducing species appear to avoid or modify host plant defenses to effect
production of their gall. Included among gall insects is Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor Say], Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a damaging pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and an emerging model system for studying plant–insect interactions. We studied the dynamics of some defense-related
phytohormones and associated fatty acids during feeding of first instar Hessian fly larvae on a susceptible variety of wheat.
We found that Hessian fly larvae significantly elevated in their host plants’ levels of linolenic and linoleic acids, fatty
acids that may be nutritionally beneficial. Hessian fly larvae also elevated levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a phytohormone
hypothesized to be involved in gall formation, but not the defense-related hormones jasmonic (JA) and salicylic acids. Moreover,
we detected in Hessian fly-infested plants a significant negative relationship between IAA and JA that was not present in
control plants. Our results suggest that Hessian fly larvae may induce nutritionally beneficial changes while concomitantly
altering phytohormone levels, possibly to facilitate plant-defense avoidance. |
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