基因置换发展研究综述

基因置换,又称基因替代作用,它指的是遗传信息单向的从一个序列向其同源序列传递的过程。近年来,人们对遗传重组的发生机制、功能及影响有了新的认识,尤其是发现"重组"造成的基因置换远超过以前认识。与遗传重组不同,基因置换有可能改变等位基因频率,搅乱等位基因的组合,降低连锁不平衡的程度,影响核苷酸多样性的即时效应和长期的效应。这些发现有助于去理解基因置换的机制,去探索基因置换对物种进化及遗传多样性更深远的影响,如基因置换对染色体基因结构和功能有哪些影响及基因置换对更深层次的生物进化起什么样的作用等。本文对基因置换进行了综合论述,重点介绍了基因置换的当前发展趋势,并以基因四联子为模型,总结了基因置换事件的推断,并对基因置换的研究前景进行了讨论。

Review of gene conversion development

Gene conversion, also known as gene replacement effect, refers to the process of transmitting genetic information in one direction from one sequence to its homologous sequences. In recent years, people have new understanding on the mechanism of genetic recombination, function, and influence, especially knowledge on gene conversion caused by "restructuring" is far more than previously known. Unlike genetic recombination, gene conversion changes the allele frequency, roils the combination of alleles, reduces the degree of linkage disequilibrium, affects the nucleotide diversity of instant effect and long-term effect. These findings help to understand the mechanism of gene conversion, and to explore more far-reaching influence of gene conversion on evolution and genetic diversity, specifically gene conversions effect on chromosome gene structure and function and the role gene conversion plays in deeper biological evolution, etc. This paper comprehensively reviews the literature on gene conversion, and mainly introduces its current development trend. Based on quad core model, it summarizes the deduction of gene exchange events, and discusses the research prospect of gene replacement.