降糖肽的发展现状及研究进展

糖尿病是一组以高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病,是由于胰岛素分泌缺陷或其生物功能受损,或两者兼有引起。糖尿病可能导致各种组织,特别是眼、肾、心脏、血管、神经的慢性损害、功能障碍。糖尿病主要分为Ⅰ型糖尿病和Ⅱ型糖尿病,这两类糖尿病均存在明显的遗传异质性。目前用于降低或控制血糖的药物主要有硫脉类、双肌类、苯甲酸衍生物类、糖苷酶抑制剂类和噻唑烷二酮类。研发出安全有效的降糖药物已经成为全世界关注的焦点,其中,生物活性肽是目前最广泛研究的潜在治疗剂之一,其最佳用途正在开发中。迄今为止,已经发现了许多天然肽和合成肽,其具有通过不同机制介导的优异的抗糖尿病效果。新兴技术和药物输送系统的应用进一步促进了预期目标成果的达成。临床前和临床研究中一些具有更好效力和安全性的优秀肽已经被确定。因此,对这些肽的进一步详细研究可能会筛选出临床上有用的抗糖尿病药物。

The status quo and research progress of hypoglycemic peptide

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia, caused by defects in insulin secretion or impaired biological function, or both. DM can lead to chronic damage and dysfunction in various tissues, especially in eyes, kidneys, heart, blood vessels and nerves. DM is mainly divided into type I diabetes and type II diabetes, both of which have obvious genetic heterogeneity. At present, drugs for reducing or controlling blood glucose mainly include sulfur veins, double muscles, benzoic acid derivatives, glycosidase inhibitors, and thiazolidinediones. The development of safe and effective hypoglycemic drugs have drawn increasingly more attention around the world. Among them, bioactive peptide is one of the most widely studied potential therapeutic agents and its best use is under development. To date, many natural peptides and synthetic peptides have been discovered and developed, which have excellent anti-diabetic effects mediated through different mechanisms. The application of emerging technologies and drug delivery systems further promoted the achievement of the desired target results. Some of the outstanding peptides with better efficacy and safety in preclinical and clinical studies have been identified. Therefore, further detailed studies of these peptides may screen out clinically useful anti-diabetic drugs.