Effect of genistein-8-C-glucoside from Lupinus luteus on DNA damage assessed using the comet assay in vitro

Genistein-8-C-glucoside (G8CG) belongs to natural isoflavones phytoestrogens, which are a subclass of flavonoids, a large group of polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in plants, with possible anticarcinogenic effects in various in vitro systems and in vivo animal models. We used glycosylated genistein (genistein-8-C-glucoside) from flowers of lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) to study its cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on mouse embryonic fibroblast (line NIH 3T3). The MTT assay to assess cytotoxicity and comet assay for the detection of DNA damage were used. The cells were exposed to various concentrations of genistein-8-C-glucoside (2.5-110 μM) and hydrogen peroxide (5-90 μM). The effect of G8CG alone or in combination with H₂O₂ was determined. G8CG at concentrations >20 μM significantly reduced cell viability and induced DNA damage. In contrast, lower concentrations of (2.5-10 μM) G8CG showed antioxidant properties against H₂O₂-induced DNA damage with no associated toxicity.