Ecological effects and management of invasive alien Vespidae |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Jacqueline?R?BeggsEmail author Eckehard?G?Brockerhoff Juan?C?Corley Marc?Kenis Maité?Masciocchi Franck?Muller Quentin?Rome Claire?Villemant |
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Institution: | 1.Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences,University of Auckland,Auckland,New Zealand;2.Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute),Christchurch,New Zealand;3.CONICET, Grupo de Ecologia de Insectos, INTA EEA Bariloche,Bariloche,Argentina;4.CABI Europe-Switzerland,Delemont,Switzerland;5.Département Systématique et Evolution, UMR 7205 OSEB,Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle,Paris,France |
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Abstract: | Insect species associated with human goods continue to be accidentally introduced into new locations. A small proportion of
these introduced species become invasive, causing a range of impacts in the receiving community. It is therefore important
to evaluate the patterns of which species become invasive and which strategies are most successful in managing them. This
review assesses the distribution, abundance, impact and management of the invasive Vespidae worldwide. We identified 34 vespid
species known to be introduced around the world, but the seven most invasive species are all eusocial. Most introduced Vespidae
only occur in one or two countries, but some areas have become geographic hotspots of invasion: Hawaii (15 species), North
America (eight species), New Zealand (five species), Australia (four species) and South America (four species). Two invasive
species, Vespula vulgaris and V. germanica have become particularly widespread and abundant with a range of impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem function. Other successful
invasive species include several Polistes spp., which affect local biodiversity through direct predation or competition for food or space. Toxic baiting has been the
most successful control strategy against invasive vespids to date, although this has mostly been small scale experimental
management as it has proved difficult to develop commercial control products. Development of shelf-stable lures or baits combined
with suitable toxins or pathogens could overcome some of the commercial impediments. Several attempts at biological control
using parasitoids have not successfully reduced invasive wasp populations, although the biocontrol agent has only established
in one case. The social structure of colonies and their high reproductive efficiency have facilitated invasion by these species,
but it also means management at the population level will be difficult. This emphasises the need to prevent such invasions
from occurring in the first place. |
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