Allelopathy of red pine: isolation and identification of an allelopathic substance in red pine needles |
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Authors: | Hisashi Kato-Noguchi Yoshiko Fushimi Yukitoshi Tanaka Toshiaki Teruya Kiyotake Suenaga |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan;(2) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan |
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Abstract: | Since red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) often forms sparse forest floors where herbaceous plants do not grow well, allelopathy of red pine was investigated.
A growth inhibitory substance was isolated from an aqueous methanol extract of red pine needles and determined by spectral
data as abscisic acid-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester (ABA-GE). This substance inhibited root and shoot growth of cress and E. crus-galli seedlings at concentrations greater than 0.1 μM. The concentrations required for 50% growth inhibition on roots and shoots
of cress were 0.23 and 0.61 μM, respectively, and those of E. crus-galli were 1.1 and 2.8 μM, respectively. The activity of ABA-β-d-glucosidase, which liberates free ABA from ABA-GE, in cress and E. crus-galli seedlings was 13–29 nmol mg−1 protein min−1. Endogenous concentration of ABA-GE in the pine needles was 4.1–21.5 μmol kg−1 and the concentration in soil water of the pine forest was 2.5 μM. The effectiveness of ABA-GE on growth inhibition and the
occurrence of ABA-GE in pine needles and soil water suggest ABA-GE may play an important role in the allelopathy of red pine
resulting in the formation of sparse forest floors. |
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