水稻品种USSR5早熟性的遗传分析

USSR5为极早熟的前苏联品种,以抽穗期近等基因系和抽穗期QTL近等基因系为测验品种,对USSR5的抽穗期基因型进行分析,表明USSR5携带了非感光基因e1、无感光功能的Se-1e基因、感光抑制基因i-Se-1和显性早熟基因Ef-1,从而使它表现极早熟的特性。此外,本研究调查了USSR5和N22的BC1F1和F2群体的抽穗期,利用WindowsQTLCartographer1.13a软件,采用复合区间作图法,在全基因组范围内,分析了南京夏季正常日照条件下2个群体的抽穗期QTL,在USSR5/N22//USSR5BC1F1群体,共检测到2个位点,分别位于第7、8染色体上,其LOD值分别是6.11和2.91,对表型总变异的解释率分别为27.38%和11.15%,2个位点上来自USSR5的等位基因均提早抽穗。在USSR5/N22F2群体,共检测到5个位点,分别位于第1、2、7、9、10染色体上。5个位点LOD值介于3.02～8.4,对表型总变异的解释率分别为4.07%和15.41%。除qHd-9外,其余控制抽穗期的4个基因位点上提早抽穗的等位基因均来源于USSR5。比较分析发现效应较大的qHd-7即是Hd4(E1),USSR5在该位点上携带非感光基因hd4(e1)。尽管本研究定位的其它抽穗期QTL和已知抽穗期基因之间尚不能一一对应,但在早熟性水稻品种选育中,USSR5将可作为良好的基因源加以利用。

The Inheritance of Early Heading in the Rice Variety USSR5

USSR5, a japonica rice variety from the former Soviet Union, is an extremely early maturing rice variety. To elucidate the genetic basis for its early heading, genetic analysis was carried out by crossing it with a set of major gene nearly isogenic lines (NIL) and QTL-isogenic lines. The early heading of USSR5 was attributed to the presence of photoperiod-insensitive alleles at E(1) and Se-1 gene, the photoperiod-sensitive inhibitor gene i-Se-1, and the dominant earliness gene Ef-1. Analysis of a backcrossed population (BC(1)F(1)) derived from the cross USSR5 x N22 indicated that two quantitative trait loci (QTL) for early heading were located on chromosomes 7 and 8, accounting for 27.4% and 11.2% of the phenotypic variance, respectively, with both early alleles originating from USSR5. From an F(2) population of the same cross, early heading QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 7, 9, and 10, with individual QTL accounting for between 4.1% and 15.4% of the phenotypic variance. Early heading alleles at four of these five QTLs originated from USSR5. A comparison of chromosomal locations suggests that one of these QTLs may be identical with the known gene Hd4 (E(1)). The relationship between the other QTLs and known genes for heading date are not clear. USSR5 is a promising source for propagating earliness for the development of improved early heading rice varieties.