Neurogenic differentiation of amniotic fluid stem cells |
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Authors: | M Rosner M Mikula A Preitschopf M Feichtinger K Schipany M Hengstschläger |
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Institution: | 1.Institute of Medical Genetics,Medical University of Vienna,Vienna,Austria |
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Abstract: | In 2003, human amniotic fluid has been shown to contain stem cells expressing Oct-4, a marker for pluripotency. This finding
initiated a rapidly growing and very promising new stem cell research field. Since then, amniotic fluid stem (AFS) cells have
been demonstrated to harbour the potential to differentiate into any of the three germ layers and to form three-dimensional
aggregates, so-called embryoid bodies, known as the principal step in the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Marker
selection and minimal dilution approaches allow the establishment of monoclonal AFS cell lineages with high proliferation
potential. AFS cells have a lower risk for tumour development and do not raise the ethical issues of embryonic stem cells.
Compared to induced pluripotent stem cells, AFS cells do not need exogenic treatment to induce pluripotency, are chromosomal
stable and do not harbour the epigenetic memory and accumulated somatic mutations of specific differentiated source cells.
Compared to adult stem cells, AFS can be grown in larger quantities and show higher differentiation potential. Accordingly,
in the recent past, AFS became increasingly accepted as an optimal tool for basic research and probably also for specific
cell-based therapies. Here, we review the current knowledge on the neurogenic differentiation potential of AFS cells. |
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