石质文物地衣生物腐蚀及防治的研究进展

本文主要从生物因素方面考虑,分析了导致石质文物病害的主要原因和机理,并综述了国内外石质文物保护的现状、防治和修复方法。地衣是引起石质文物腐蚀的关键生物类群,与国外相比,目前国内专门针对地衣进行石质文物防治的研究鲜见报道。作者建议,石质文物的地衣生物腐蚀及防治研究应从以下方面入手：（1）石质文物地衣必须首先进行系统的种类调查;（2）对地衣腐蚀石质文物的机理进行深入研究;（3）探寻地衣病害安全有效的去除方法;（4）逐步探索地衣病害修复后的监测和预防方法。

Research progress of lichen biodeterioration and its treatment on stone cultural relics

Deterioration of stone cultural relics mainly caused by biotic factors is analyzed, and the present domestic and international situation of preservation, treatment and restoration methods of the cultural relics are reviewed. Lichens are the key organisms causing biodeterioration of stone cultural relics. As compared with the foreign countries, lichens causing deterioration of stone cultural relics and their treatment are still imperfectly known in China. Scientific investigations of the lichen species composition on stone cultural relics and the mechanism of lichen biodeterioration are urgently necessary. Developing effect and safe methods to remove the erosive lichens and the methods of monitoring and prevention of lichen deterioration are need fully formulated.