北京地区大型真菌多样性分析

为明确北京地区大型真菌资源状况,以中国科学院菌物标本馆馆藏的京区标本和本研究组采自该地区的标本为材料,结合已报道的文献资料,经过对定名标本的物种名称进行系统整理,得到北京地区大型真菌记录867种,隶属于2门20目72科281属,其中食用菌294种,药用菌169种（包含食用兼药用菌69种）,毒菌56种。在全部大型真菌中,蘑菇科Agaricaceae、多孔菌科Polyporaceae、口蘑科Tricholomataceae和红菇科Russulaceae等24科拥有的物种占总物种数量的77.28%,这些科在该地区占有主导地位;红菇属Russula、蘑菇属Agaricus和丝盖伞属Inocybe等50个属的物种占总物种数量的60.21%,具有相对优势。大型真菌区系分布分析的结果表明,北京地区已发现的大型真菌主要为世界广泛分布的属。物种丰富度分析表明采自门头沟区的大型真菌的标本数和物种丰度最高,最能代表北京地区大型真菌物种的多样性;其他地区采集的标本数量显著减少,而且物种数和物种丰度均明显降低;特别是城区和近郊地区,由于适宜栖息地的丧失,大型真菌更是少见。

Species diversity of macrofungi in Beijing,China

In order to clarify the situation of macrofungal resources in Beijing, species diversity was analyzed based on specimens collected by the present research group and housed in the Fungarium, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (HMAS), combining with other macrofungal species reported in the literature. All the scientific names of macrofungi found in Beijing were checked and corrected according to Species Fungorum (http://www.speciesfungorum.org). Eight hundred and sixty-seven species of macrofungi, belonging to 2 phyla, 20 orders, 72 families and 281 genera, were recorded. Among the species, there were 294 edible, 169 medicinal (including 69 of both edible and medicinal) and 56 poisonous fungi. The species of 24 predominant families, e.g. Agaricaceae, Polyporaceae, Tricholomataceae, Russulaceae and so on, accounted for 77.28% of the total species and 50 relative dominant genera, e.g. Russula, Agaricus, Inocybe and so on, occupied 60.21% of the total species. The genera of macrofungi found in Beijing were mostly cosmopolitan. The results of analyses of species regional diversity showed that Mentougou District had the highest numbers of both specimens and species, representing the typical characteristics of macrofungal diversity in Beijing, whilst the numbers were significantly reduced in the other districts especially in the urban and suburb areas where the habitats for macrofungi are absent.