Reproductive biology of a primitive angiosperm,Pseudowintera colorata (Winteraceae), and the evolution of pollination systems in theAnthophyta |
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Authors: | David G. Lloyd Mark S. Wells |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Plant and Microbial Science, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand;(2) Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand;(3) Present address: Department of Zoology, University of Washington, 98195 Seattle, WA, USA |
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Abstract: | Stigmatic exudate-eating chironomid flies (Smittia) and pollen-eating halodid beetles are the most common visitors to flowers ofPseudowintera colorata. Plants are self-incompatible. After selfing pollen tubes penetrate the nucellus; chase pollination experiments show that the incompatibility reaction occurs before fertilization. When pollen is applied to stigmas, the exudate dries rapidly and does not usually reappear. A review of anthophytes suggests that their common ancestor around 200 mya was bisexual and pollinated at least in part by nectar-seeking insects, possibly including flies. The angiosperm stigma appears to have evolved from a pollination drop mechanism via an adaxial stigmatic surface.Dedicated with pleasure to ProfessorW. R. Philipson on the occasion of his 80th birthday. |
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Keywords: | Primitive angiosperms Pseudowintera Winteraceae Magnoliidae gnetophytes anthophytes Self-incompatibility reproductive biology |
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