Molecular phylogeny of mangroves V. Analysis of genome relationships in mangrove species using RAPD and RFLP markers

 DNA from pooled leaf samples of 11 true major mangrove, three true minor mangrove, two mangrove associate, two mangrove parasite, three terrestrial and one cultivated species were isolated for the present study. In total, 198 random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and 180 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) loci were scored by using ten primers and 14 enzyme-probe combinations respectively. The polymorphism observed for these markers revealed a high degree of genetic diversity in mangroves at both inter-specific or inter-generic levels. A dendrogram, constructed after pooling both RAPD and RFLP data, using a similarity index was analysed for genome relationships among these species. The dendrogram showed clustering of all the major mangroves, except for Nypa fruticans (Arecaceae), into one group. All species under the tribe Rhizophorae formed a sub-cluster, to which Xylocarpus granatum was found to be the most closesly related species. The clustering pattern implied that Excoecaria agallocha and Acanthus ilicifolius should be considered as true minor mangroves. The present study also provided molecular data favouring the separation of Avicennia spp. from the Verbenaceae to create a monotypic family the Avicenniaceae. The separation of Viscum orientale into the Viscaceae was also favoured. Received: 5 March 1998 / Accepted: 1 April 1998