An improved elutriation technique for the bioassessment of sediment contaminants |
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| Authors: | Daniels S. A. Munawar M. Mayfield C. I. |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Biology Department, University of Waterloo, N2L 3G1 Waterloo, Ontario, Canada;(2) Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans, C.C.I.W., 867 Lakeshore Road, P.O. Box 5050, L7R 4A6 Burlington, Ontario, Canada;(3) Present address: Research and Applications Branch, National Water Research Institute, C.C.I. W., 867 Lakeshore Road, P.O. Box 5050, L7R 4A6 Burlington, Ontario, Canada |
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| Abstract: | An improved method is proposed for the preparation of sediment elutriates which permits relatively realistic determination of bioavailable contaminants. It suggests the use of rotary tumbling in a cycle of 3–4 rpm to achieve sediment-water mixing. Experiments were undertaken to evaluate the mixing efficiency of the rotary tumbler as compared to that of the compressed air, wrist-action shaker, and reciprocal shaker methods. Sediment to water ratios of 0 : 1, 1 : 20, 1 : 10, and 1 : 4 were tested over 0.5, 1.0, 24, and 48-h elution periods. Elutriate evaluations were based on chemical, physico-chemical and gravimetric determinations; and also on 14C-phytoplankton bioassays using Chlorella vulgaris (Beyerinck). Results indicated that rotary tumbling produced the most consistent bioassay-supportable data. It was also the most efficient procedure when used for 1 h with 1 : 4 sediment-water mixtures. |
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| Keywords: | sediment elutriate rotary tumbling phytoplankton bioassay sediment contaminants toxicity carbon assimilation |
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