桃小食心虫在不同温度下的实验种群生命表

为探索温度对桃小食心虫Carposina sasakii生长发育和繁殖的影响，在室内17， 20， 23， 26， 29和32(±1) ℃，80%±7% RH和15L: 9D条件下，测定了桃小食心虫各发育阶段的历期、存活率和/或产卵量， 组建了桃小食心虫的实验种群生命表.结果表明, 桃小食心虫各虫态的发育历期随温度的升高而缩短； 初孵幼虫的蛀果率随温度升高而提高，幼虫脱果率与温度之间呈抛物线关系：y=-0.5638x²+27.882x-269.18 (R²=0.9801，P＜0.01)；结茧率和羽化率在17～29℃间无明显变化，但在32℃时则明显降低；雌蛾的产卵量和寿命随温度的升高而降低，23℃时雌蛾交配率最高.生命表分析表明，种群趋势指数在17～29℃间均大于1，26℃时内禀增长率最高；世代存活率与温度的关系可用S=-0.073x³+4.626x²-92.019x+596.57（R²=0.9832）表示； 内禀增长率与温度之间的关系可用r_m=-0.0008x²+0.0409x-0.4438（R²=0.9851）描述。 据此得出，23～26℃是最适宜桃小食心虫生长发育和繁殖的温度范围。

Life tables of the laboratory population of the peach fruit borer,Carposina sasakii Matsumura at different temperatures

In order to explore the effects of temperature on the population growth of the peach fruit borer, Carposina sasakii Matsumura, we investigated the developmental durations, survivorships, and/or fecundity of this pest in the laboratory under the conditions of 17, 20, 23, 26, 29, and 32(±1) ℃, 80%±7% RH and a photoperiod of 15L:9D (Light : Dark), and then, constructed life tables of the laboratory population of the C. sasakii in each of the temperature except 32℃. The results showed that the developmental duration decreased with the temperature increasing from 17℃ to 32℃. The longest duration of the generation was 70.19 days observed at 17℃, the shortest was 27.42 days at 32℃, and the relationship between developmental rates and temperatures could be simulated by the Logistic model. The percentage of neonatal larvae bored into fruit increased with the increasing temperature, while the relationship between the percentage (y) of larvae exited from fruit and temperature (x) could be described by the equation: y=-0.5638x²+27.882x-269.18 (R²=0.9801，P＜0.01). The cocooning rate of larvae and the emergence rate of pupa differed insignificantly over the temperature of 17～29℃, but decreased sharply at 32℃. Adult lifespan and fecundity of the female decreased with the temperature increasing, and the highest mating rate of the female and population trend index were found at 23℃, but both the survival rate of immature stage and the intrinsic rate of increase were the highest at 26℃. Relationship between the generation survival rate (S), the intrinsic rate of increase (r_m) and temperature (x) could be described by the equations: S = -0.073x³+4.626x² - 92.019x + 596.57（R²=0.9832）, r_m = -0.0008x²+0.0409x-0.4438 （R²=0.9851, P＜0.01). So, it is concluded that temperature has great effect on the development of C. sasakii, and the most suitable temperature range for this pest is from 23℃ to 26℃, during which there are higher intrinsic rate of increase and higher index of population trend.