Predictive adjustment of the perceived direction of gaze during saccadic eye movements

When we look at a stationary object, the perceived direction of gaze (where we are looking) is aligned with the physical direction of eyes (where our eyes are oriented) by which the object is foveated. However, this alignment may not hold in a dynamic situation. Our experiments assessed the perceived locations of two brief stimuli (1 ms) simultaneously displayed at two different physical locations during a saccade. The first stimulus was in the instantaneous location to which the eyes were oriented and the second one was always in the same location as the initial fixation point. When the timing of these stimuli was changed intra-saccadically, their perceived locations were dissociated. The first stimuli were consistently perceived near the target that will be foveated at saccade termination. The second stimuli once perceived near the target location, shifted in the direction opposite to that of saccades, as its latency from saccades increased. These results suggested an independent adjustment of gaze orientation from the physical orientation of eyes during saccades. The spatial dissociation of two stimuli may reflect sensorimotor control of gaze during saccades.