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Genome resources for climate‐resilient cowpea,an essential crop for food security |
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| Authors: | María Muñoz‐Amatriaín Pei Xu Steve I Wanamaker MingCheng Luo Hind Alhakami Matthew Alpert Ibrahim Atokple Benoit J Batieno Ousmane Boukar Serdar Bozdag Ndiaga Cisse Issa Drabo Jeffrey D Ehlers Andrew Farmer Christian Fatokun Yong Q Gu Yi‐Ning Guo Bao‐Lam Huynh Scott A Jackson Francis Kusi Cynthia T Lawley Mitchell R Lucas Yaqin Ma Michael P Timko Jiajie Wu Frank You Noelle A Barkley Philip A Roberts Stefano Lonardi Timothy J Close |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USAThese authors contributed equally.;2. Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ZAAS), Hangzhou, China;3. Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA;4. Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA;5. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA;6. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Tamale, Ghana;7. Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles, Saria, Burkina Faso;8. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kano, Nigeria;9. Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA;10. Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Thiès, Senegal;11. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA;12. National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM, USA;13. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria;14. USDA‐ARS Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, USA;15. Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA;16. Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA;17. Illumina, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA;18. Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA;19. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada;20. USDA‐ARS Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Griffin, GA, USA |
| Abstract: | Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is a legume crop that is resilient to hot and drought‐prone climates, and a primary source of protein in sub‐Saharan Africa and other parts of the developing world. However, genome resources for cowpea have lagged behind most other major crops. Here we describe foundational genome resources and their application to the analysis of germplasm currently in use in West African breeding programs. Resources developed from the African cultivar IT97K‐499‐35 include a whole‐genome shotgun (WGS) assembly, a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) physical map, and assembled sequences from 4355 BACs. These resources and WGS sequences of an additional 36 diverse cowpea accessions supported the development of a genotyping assay for 51 128 SNPs, which was then applied to five bi‐parental RIL populations to produce a consensus genetic map containing 37 372 SNPs. This genetic map enabled the anchoring of 100 Mb of WGS and 420 Mb of BAC sequences, an exploration of genetic diversity along each linkage group, and clarification of macrosynteny between cowpea and common bean. The SNP assay enabled a diversity analysis of materials from West African breeding programs. Two major subpopulations exist within those materials, one of which has significant parentage from South and East Africa and more diversity. There are genomic regions of high differentiation between subpopulations, one of which coincides with a cluster of nodulin genes. The new resources and knowledge help to define goals and accelerate the breeding of improved varieties to address food security issues related to limited‐input small‐holder farming and climate stress. |
| Keywords: | BAC sequencing consensus genetic map cowpea genetic anchoring iSelect genotyping array Phaseolus vulgaris L synteny Vigna unguiculata L Walp West Africa WGS sequencing |