Aspects of dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent for teratogens |
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| Authors: | W Landauer N Salam |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;2. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;1. Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;3. Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;5. Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3050, Victoria, Australia;1. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;2. Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada;3. Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;4. Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada |
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| Abstract: | In tests with chicken embryos dimethyl sulfoxide and, to a lesser extent, propylene glycol were compared with water as solvents of teratogens. The effects of teratogen-specific malformations were reduced in incidence and expressivity when 3-acetylpyridine, 6-aminonicotinamide, and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole were given in dimethyl sulfoxide rather than in water. Malformations induced by sulfanilamide occurred with higher frequency and expression in dimethyl sulfoxide than in aqueous solution. Bidrin dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide had effects similar to solution in water in the extremities and beak, but incidence and extent of defects of the cervical vertebrae were greatly reduced when dimethyl sulfoxide rather than water was the solvent. With physostigmine and nicotine the nature of the solvent made little difference. Toxicity, as expressed by embryo mortality, also showed solvent-specific dissimilarities among the teratogens used. The implications of these results are discussed. |
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