云南省林地薇甘菊防控研究进展

薇甘菊是世界十大有害杂草之一,引起广泛关注,因其入侵能力强,给入侵地的生态系统造成了极大威胁。本文系统总结云南省林地薇甘菊防治研究进展:开发出"林地薇甘菊监测预警信息系统"和"薇甘菊风险评估管理信息系统",提高了薇甘菊在云南省潜在分布区域预测的可靠性;筛选及复配出林地防效好的森草净+2,4-D钠盐,对土壤相对较为安全的2,4-D+敌草快复合药剂;选用旱冬瓜、千果榄仁、柱花草等替代控制薇甘菊,防控的同时还能创造更大的经济效益;发现薇甘菊颈盲蝽是控制薇甘菊的专化性强且取食量大的重要天敌昆虫,实现了对薇甘菊种子扩散和无性传播的有效控制。对薇甘菊的防治,集成了监测预警、应急除治、生物防治、生态修复技术,形成林地薇甘菊绿色防控技术体系,但其防控仍是局部的,未来还需要不断突破,使对薇甘菊的局部应急防控逐步转为大面积的持续生态控制。

Progress in prevention and control of Mikania micrantha in Yunnan forestland

As one of the ten most harmful weeds in the world, Mikania micrantha has attracted wide research attention. Because of its strong invasion ability, it poses a great threat to ecosystems. Aiming at the prevention and control of M. micrantha in forests, this paper summarized the research progress of M. micrantha control in forest ecosystems of the Yunnan Province. The progress so far includes:(1) Risk assessment, monitoring and early warning information systems have been developed to improve the prediction of potential distribution area of M. micrantha in the province. (2) Sulfometuron-methyl+2,4-D sodium salt and 2,4-D+Diquat compound have been deemed to be the most efficient control agents. (3) Alnus nepalensis, Terminalia myriocarpa and Stylosanthes guianensis seem suitable to control M. micrantha and can create greater economic benefits. (4) Pachypeltis micranthus has been identified as an important natural enemy insect, which effectively limits seed dispersal and asexual propagation of M. micrantha. The integration of monitoring and early warning, emergency treatment, biological control and ecological restoration have been useful control systems against M. micrantha, but prevention and control remain partial.