Metabolic consequences of overproduction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in C3 plants

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) has a variety of functions in plants, including a major anaplerotic role in replenishing the tricarboxylic acid cycle with intermediates to meet the demand of carbon skeletons for synthesis of organic acids and amino acids. Various transgenic C3 plants that overproduce PEPC have been produced and analyzed in detail. The results indicate that foreign PEPC is under the control of the regulatory mechanisms intrinsic to the host plant and down-regulated so as not to cause detrimental metabolic effects, although the anaplerotic reaction is slightly enhanced by the foreign PEPC. By use of foreign PEPCs that can avert such regulation, metabolic flow is largely directed toward synthesis of organic acids and amino acids. Observations with transgenic C3 plants also shed light on the interrelation among various metabolic pathways inside the cell.