Induction of balbiani ring puffing changes by sugars and alcohols in Chironomus thummi |
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| Affiliation: | 1. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Thermal Sciences Group, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, United States;2. Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, CO 80401, United States;1. Graduate School of Business, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia;2. School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800 Penang, Malaysia;3. Internet Innovation Research Center, Newhuadu Business School, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China;4. Department of Management, Sunway University Business School (SUBS), 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia;5. Faculty of Accounting and Management, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Sungai Long Campus, 43000 Cheras, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia;6. Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia;7. Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Australia;8. Department of Software Engineering, Daffodil International University, Bangladesh;1. Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0LZ, United Kingdom;2. Danaos Shipping Company Ltd., Piraeus 185 45, Greece;1. State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China;2. Research Institute for Advanced Materials, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China |
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| Abstract: | The capacity of several substances to induce in Chironomus thummi larvae the repression of Balbiani ring 2 (BR2) and the coordinated activation of Balbiani ring 1 (BR1) has been evaluated. Hexoses as well as some disaccharides, except lactose, were efficient inducers. The pentoses tested failed to provoke puffing changes. Alcohols, such as ethanol and glycerol, showed a moderate capacity as inducers, whereas methanol and isopropanol were ineffective. When a mixture of galactose and glycerol was used, a significant acceleration of the response, at the puffing as well as the translational level, was observed.To search for common effects of different inducers, an attempt was first made to test whether the lowering of the inorganic phosphate level in the haemolymph could play a causal role in the shift of BR1/BR2 puffing as it does in the response of the Camptochironomus group. In C. thummi, we have found effective inducers which increased, decreased or did not modify the inorganic phosphate concentration in the haemolymph thus suggesting the independence of the induced puffing changes and phosphate level modifications. |
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