Phage Diversity in a Methanogenic Digester |
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Authors: | M-O Park H Ikenaga K Watanabe |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Marine Biotechnology Institute, Kamaishi Iwate, 026-0001, Japan;(2) 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka Niigata, 940-2188, Japan |
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Abstract: | It has been shown that phages are present in natural and engineered ecosystems and influence the structure and performance
of prokaryotic communities. However, little has been known about phages occurring in anaerobic ecosystems, including those
in methanogenic digesters for waste treatment. This study investigated phages produced in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket
methanogenic digester treating brewery wastes. Phage-like particles (PLPs) in the influent and effluent of the digester were
concentrated and purified by sequential filtration and quantified and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM),
fluorescence assay, and field inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE). Results indicate that numbers of PLPs in the effluent
of the digester exceeded 1 × 109 L−1 and at least 10 times greater than those in the influent, suggesting that substantial amounts of PLPs were produced in the
digester. A production rate of the PLPs was estimated at least 5.2 × 107 PLPs day−1 L−1. TEM and FIGE showed that a variety of phages were produced in the digester, including those affiliated with Siphoviridae, Myoviridae, and Cystoviridae. |
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