熊蜂生物学及种群影响因素研究进展

熊蜂是膜翅目蜜蜂科熊蜂属内物种的统称，全球约有250种，中国已知125种，是全球熊蜂资源最丰富的国家。该类昆虫是众多野生植物和农作物的重要传粉者，对维持自然生态系统和农业粮食生产极为重要。一些群势强、易于人工饲养的熊蜂物种被开发利用，为多种目标作物授粉。本文介绍了熊蜂的生物学特性和授粉应用现状，综述了栖息地丧失、气候变化、病原体传播、外来物种入侵及化学农药等多重因素对熊蜂种群的影响，并从熊蜂的应用基础研究、资源保护及授粉经济价值评估等多方面作了展望，旨在为中国本土熊蜂的保护、应用和生态功能研究提供参考。

Research progress of biology and population influencing factors in bumblebee

Bumblebee is a name commonly used for species of bees in the genus Bombus, of the family Apoidae, of the Hymenoptera. Currently, approximately 250 bumblebee species are recognized worldwide. China is the country richest in bumblebee species world-wide, and a total of 125 bumblebee species have been identified. Bumblebees are important pollinators of many wild plants and crops and play a major role in natural ecosystems and agricultural food production. Some bumblebee species with strong population potential and easy to be reared have been developed and utilized to pollinate different crops. Here we describe the biology, pollination of bumblebee, and review the potential influencing factors of bumblebee population, including habitat loss, climate change, pathogens, alien species, agrochemicals. In addition, the application basic research, resource protection and evaluation of pollination economic value of bumblebee were prospected, in order to provide reference for the application, conservation and ecological function of bumblebee in China.