接骨草的显微结构及其绿原酸组织化学定位研究

运用石蜡切片法和荧光显微镜观察法研究了3个不同接骨草(Sambucus chinensis Lindl.)居群营养器官的显微结构及其绿原酸的分布规律。结果表明:(1)接骨草地上茎厚角组织明显,髓部由大小不等的两类薄壁细胞组成,且有单宁细胞分布;地下根状茎厚角组织细胞小,髓部薄壁细胞大小差异不明显,皮层及髓中有油细胞分布。(2)叶片为异面叶,栅栏组织细胞为短柱状,油细胞不明显。(3)绿原酸分布在根状茎皮层部分细胞、茎厚角组织部分细胞及叶片的海绵组织中,以海绵组织中含量最高。研究认为,髓部薄壁细胞大小的差异可作为接骨草的一个鉴别特征;荧光显微镜观察法可迅速准确显示绿原酸的分布;在所研究的3个接骨草居群中,怀化居群的绿原酸含量最高,若以绿原酸为有效成分来采收接骨草,可以只采收叶。

Anatomical Structure and Histochemical Localization of Chlorogenic Acid of Sambucus chinensis Lindl.

Anatomical structure of Sambucus chinensis Lindl.and histochemical localization of chlorogenic acid were studied by paraffin method and fluorescence observation in three populations.The results showed that:(1)There were obviously collenchyma and tannin cells in stems;pith was composed of two types of parenchyma cells with varying sizes.Collenchyma cells were smaller in rhizome than that in stem;pith parenchyma cell size difference was not obvious;the oil cells distributed in the cortex and pith.(2)The leaf belonged to typical dorsi-ventral leaf;the palisade tissue cells were short columnar;oil cell was not obvious.(3)Chlorogenic acid located in the cortex cells of rhizomes,some collenchyma cells of stem and spongy tissue of leaf,with the highest levels in spongy tissue.Differences of pith parenchyma cell size can be used as a distinction character of S.chinensis.Fluorescence microscope observation can be quickly and accurately display the distribution of chlorogenic acid.The highest content of chlorogenic acid was Huaihua population.If the chlorogenic acid as the effective component of S.chinensis,we suggested that only the leaves could be harvested for sustainable utilization of the resources.