The microbial community composition of a nitrifying-denitrifying activated sludge from an industrial sewage treatment plant analyzed by the full-cycle rRNA approach |
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| Authors: | Juretschko Stefan Loy Alexander Lehner Angelika Wagner Michael |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany;1. School of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China;2. Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan;1. Division of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0828, Japan;2. School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China;1. Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey;2. Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey;1. Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Department of Applied and Ecological Microbiology, Philosophenweg 12, 07743 Jena, Germany |
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| Abstract: | The composition of the microbial community present in the nitrifying-denitrifying activated sludge of an industrial wastewater treatment plant connected to a rendering facility was investigated by the full-cycle rRNA approach. After DNA extraction using three different methods, 94 almost full-length 16S rRNA gene clones were retrieved and analyzed phylogenetically. 59% of the clones were affiliated with the Proteobacteria and clustered with the beta- (29 clones), alpha- (24), and delta-class (2 clones), respectively. 15 clones grouped within the green nonsulfur (GNS) bacteria and 11 clones belonged to the Planctomycetes. The Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Nitrospira, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were each represented by one to five clones. Interestingly, the highest 'species richness' [measured as number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs)] was found within the alpha-class of Proteobacteria, followed by the Planctomycetes, the beta-class of Proteobacteria, and the GNS-bacteria. The microbial community composition of the activated sludge was determined quantitatively by using 36 group-, subgroup-, and OTU-specific rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), confocal laser scanning microscopy and digital image analysis. 89% of all bacteria detectable by FISH with a bacterial probe set could be assigned to specific divisions. Consistent with the 16S rRNA gene library data, members of the beta-class of Proteobacteria dominated the microbial community and represented almost half of the biovolume of all bacteria detectable by FISH. Within the beta-class, 98% of the cells could be identified by the application of genus- or OTU-specific probes demonstrating a high in situ abundance of bacteria related to Zoogloea and Azoarcus sensu lato. Taken together, this study provides the first encompassing, high-resolution insight into the in situ composition of the microbial community present in a full-scale, industrial wastewater treatment plant. |
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| Keywords: | full-cycle 16S rRNA approach fluorescence in situ hybridization nitrification denitrification activated sludge biodiversity industrial wastewater treatment |
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