光学显微镜下松柏类和菊科花粉的分类、鉴定要点及生态意义

本文对地层中广泛分布的松柏类和菊科花粉进行初步分类,讨论各类型(属)的鉴定特征及生态意义.以气囊的有无、外壁结构和纹饰、气囊的形态和纹饰、本体与气囊过渡点的特征、帽与帽缘纹理等为鉴定要点,对杉型、柏科型、刺柏型、红豆杉型、落叶松属、铁杉属、罗汉松属、云杉属、雪松属、冷杉属、油杉属和松属(双束松型和单束松型)13个类型的松柏类植物花粉逐步分类.通过总结前人研究和统计分析,讨论落叶松属、铁杉属、罗汉松属、云杉属、雪松属、冷杉属、油杉属和松属,特别是双束松型和单束松型花粉的生态环境指代意义.依据花粉的大小、外壁表面纹饰、外壁光切面中基柱层的结构和发育程度,初步拟将菊科花粉划分为6个类型,即菊苣-蒲公英型、紫菀型、春黄菊型、风毛菊型、蓝刺头型和蒿属,并通过对6个花粉类型植物母体生态环境的归纳总结和统计分析,讨论它们的生态环境指代意义.

POLLEN KEYS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF CONIFEROPSIDA AND COMPOSITAE CLASSES UNDER LIGHT MICROSCOPY AND THEIR ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

This paper represents the master keys for taxonomic identification of Coniferopsida and Compositae pollens which exist broadly in sedimentary strata,and their ecological significance. Thirteen types(Taxodiaceae,Cupressaceae,Juniperus,Taxaceae,Larix,Tsuga,Podocarpus,Picea,Cedrus,Abies,Pinus(Diploxylon),Pinus(Haploxylon) and Keteleeria) were classified stepwisely according to the presence/absence of saccus,the structure and sculpturing of extine,the morphology and sculpturing of saccus,the feature of transiti...