Electroporation and ultrasound enhanced non-viral gene delivery in vitro and in vivo |
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Authors: | Dominic J Wells |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, 160 Du Cane Road, London, W12 ONN, UK |
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Abstract: | Non-viral vectors are less efficient than the use of viral vectors for delivery of genetic material to cells in vitro and
especially in vivo. However, viral vectors involve the use of foreign proteins that can stimulate both the innate and acquired
immune response. In contrast, plasmid DNA can be delivered without carrier proteins and is non-immunogenic. Plasmid gene delivery
can be enhanced by the use of physical methods that aid the passage of the plasmid through the cell membrane. Electroporation
and microbubble-enhanced ultrasound are two of the most effective physical delivery methods and these can be applied to a
range of different cell types in vitro and a broad range of tissues in vivo. Both techniques also have the advantage that,
unlike viral vectors, they can be used to target specific tissues with systemic delivery. Although electroporation is often
the more efficient of the two, microbubble-enhanced ultrasound causes less damage and is less invasive. This review provides
an introduction to the methodology and summarises the range of cells and tissues that have been genetically modified using
these techniques. |
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Keywords: | |
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