|
|||||
|
|
The impact of livestock grazing and canopy gaps on species pool and functional diversity of ground flora in the Caspian beech forests of Iran |
|
| Authors: | Zahed Shakeri Daniel Simberloff Markus Bernhardt-Römermann Rolf Lutz Eckstein |
| Affiliation: | 1. Social-Ecological Interactions in Agricultural Systems, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany;2. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA;3. Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany;4. Department of Environmental and Life Sciences–Biology, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden |
| Abstract: | |
| Keywords: | biodiversity conservation closed forest close-to-nature silviculture forest gaps forest pastures functional divergence functional richness species diversity trait attributes understorey vegetation |