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Climate change effects on animal ecology: butterflies and moths as a case study |
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| Authors: | Geena M Hill Akito Y Kawahara Jaret C Daniels Craig C Bateman Brett R Scheffers |
| Institution: | 1. Florida Natural Areas Inventory, Florida State University, 1018 Thomasville Rd., #200-C, Tallahassee, FL, 323303 U.S.A.;2. Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, 3215 Hull Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32611 U.S.A.
Department of Biology, University of Florida, 876 Newell Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611 U.S.A.;3. Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, 3215 Hull Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32611 U.S.A. Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, 1881 Natural Area Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32608 U.S.A.;4. Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, 3215 Hull Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32611 U.S.A.;5. Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, P.O. Box 110430, Gainesville, FL, 32611 U.S.A. |
| Abstract: | Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are one of the most studied, diverse, and widespread animal groups, making them an ideal model for climate change research. They are a particularly informative model for studying the effects of climate change on species ecology because they are ectotherms that thermoregulate with a suite of physiological, behavioural, and phenotypic traits. While some species have been negatively impacted by climatic disturbances, others have prospered, largely in accordance with their diversity in life-history traits. Here we take advantage of a large repertoire of studies on butterflies and moths to provide a review of the many ways in which climate change is impacting insects, animals, and ecosystems. By studying these climate-based impacts on ecological processes of Lepidoptera, we propose appropriate strategies for species conservation and habitat management broadly across animals. |
| Keywords: | asynchrony butterfly insect morphology moth parasitoid phenology range shift trophic mismatch voltinism |