Moving targets: rapid evolution of oomycete effectors |
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Authors: | Soanes Darren M Talbot Nicholas J |
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Affiliation: | School of Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK. |
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Abstract: | Plant pathogenic microbes secrete proteins known as effectors, which enter the cytoplasm of plant cells and suppress host defences. Known effectors in oomycete pathogens possess an RXLR-EER motif in their amino acid sequence that is necessary for transport of the effector into a host plant cell. A large number of putative effectors have now been identified in oomycete genomes, the sequences of which show evidence of diversifying selection at their C terminus. Here, we describe recent progress in characterizing RXLR-EER effectors and discuss why so many of these rapidly evolving proteins are encoded by the genomes of plant pathogenic oomycetes. |
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