不同银杏无性系叶药用成分差异及聚类分析

运用HPLC技术分析了54个银杏(Ginkgo biloba)无性系叶总黄酮和萜内酯及其组分含量的差异,并进行了聚类。结果表明,银杏无性系间叶中总黄酮、萜内酯及其组分含量存在遗传变异,且萜内酯及其组分含量的变异系数明显高于总黄酮及其组分。总黄酮含量较高的无性系有18、42、32和50号,其槲皮素、异鼠李素、山奈酚含量均较高。萜内酯含量较高的无性系为13、42、33、51和65号,其银杏内酯A(GA)、银杏内酯B(GB)、银杏内酯C(GC)及白果内酯(BB)含量均较高。通过对总黄酮-萜内酯进行联合复选,显示叶中总黄酮和萜内酯含量均较高的无性系为13、65、33、51、18、32和42号。这些无性系可通过嫁接、扦插直接在银杏采叶园进行推广种植,或作为叶用银杏新品种的育种材料。

Cluster Analysis on the Main Medicinal Components in Differential Leaves of Ginkgo Clones

We examined differences in contents of tlavonoids and terpene lactones, and their individual components in leaves of 54 ginkgo clones by high-performance liquid chromatography. We further analyzed the clusters of these ginkgo clones on the basis of the main medicinal components. We detected genetic variations among the ginkgo clones in terms of total flavonoids, terpene lactones, and their components. Furthermore, the variation coefficients were higher for components of terpene lactones than total flavonoids. We selected ginkgo clones with serial number 18, 42, 32, 50 on the basis of total flavonoid content and found increased content of quercetin, isorhamnetin, and kaempferol. Likewise, the content of terpene lactones （including ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide C and bilobalide） was increased in clones with serial numbers 13, 42, 33, 51 and 65. From a comprehensive consideration of the components of clone leaves, clones with serial numbers 13, 65, 33, 51, 18, 32 and 42 could be popularized for planting for leaf use by grafting and cuttage or could be selected as breeding material for new ginkgo varieties used for their leaves.