Interaction of mitochondrial phosphate carrier with fatty acids and hydrophobic phosphate analogs

Mitochondrial transporters, in particular uncoupling proteins and the ADP/ATP carrier, are known to mediate uniport of anionic fatty acids (FAs), allowing FA cycling which is completed by the passive movement of FAs across the membrane in their protonated form. This study investigated the ability of the mitochondrial phosphate carrier to catalyze such a mechanism and, furthermore, how this putative activity is related to the previously observed HgCl(2)-induced uniport mode. The yeast mitochondrial phosphate carrier was expressed in Escherichia coli and then reconstituted into lipid vesicles. The FA-induced H(+) uniport or Cl(-) uniport were monitored fluorometrically after HgCl(2) addition. These transport activities were further characterized by testing various inhibitors of the two different transport modes. The phosphate carrier was found to mediate FA cycling, which led to H(+) efflux in proteoliposomes. This activity was insensitive to ATP, mersalyl or N-ethylmaleimide and was inhibited by methylenediphosphonate and iminodi(methylenephosphonate), which are new inhibitors of mitochondrial phosphate transport. Also, the HgCl(2) induced Cl(-) uniport mediated by the reconstituted yeast PIC, was found to be inhibited by these reagents. Both methylenediphosphonate and iminodi(methylenephosphonate) blocked unidirectional Cl(-) uptake, whereas Cl(-) efflux was inhibited by iminodi(methylenephosphonate) and phosphonoformic acid only. These results suggest that a hydrophobic domain, interacting with FAs, exists in the mitochondrial phosphate carrier, which is distinct from the phosphate transport pathway. This domain allows for FA anion uniport via the phosphate carrier and consequently, FA cycling that should lead to uncoupling in mitochondria. This might be considered as a side function of this carrier.